Categories
Crypto News DeFi Scams Tokens

DeFi Investor Loses $470K as Dog-Themed Token AnubisDAO Drained of $60 Million

Investors looking for the next Dog-themed memecoin have found themselves on the backside of a rug pull, draining an estimated US$60 million from the project’s liquidity pool.

Participants in a brand-new project called AnubisDAO contributed ETH in exchange for ANKH-tokens that would have been distributed as soon as the sale ended. The sale started on October 28 and attracted considerable interest from investors, who contributed 13.6K ETH (US$60 million) in under 24 hours.

Even though the project didn’t have a website, investors still poured US$60 million into the initial token sale. Twenty hours into the sale, the ETH in the pool was sent to a different address before the smart contract was activated, leaving investors with ANKH tokens and no liquid market for them.

Since October 28, the Anubis official Twitter page has been silent, with no mention of the disappearance of millions of dollars.

Coins being transfered to multiple accounts: Etherescan

Phishing Attack or Elaborate Scheme?

Copper Launch was the token launch platform used by AnubisDAO and it stated in a post that “the launch was configured to last 24 hours, but before the launch finished, the token liquidity was pulled by the creator of the launch from the LBP smart contract that housed the funds”.

Later, @Beerus tweeted under an alternate account called @cryptofan777, attempting to clear the air. The tweeter claiming to be @Beerus said they had not personally drained the funds; they had probably been the victim of a phishing attack, and attached a screenshot of an email with a potentially malicious attachment from an emailer posing as 0xSisyphus.

In a later statement, Copper said that “other accounts on Twitter that are known to be AnubisDAO affiliates claim that the auction creator’s wallet account was either compromised or that they were a bad actor”.

At the time of writing, a Twitter account was under police investigation, though it’s too early to draw any conclusions as the situation is still developing. But the community hopes that the exploiter is identified, and the stolen funds returned soon.

The Importance of DYOR

One investor told CNBC that he lost US$450,000, though admitting that he didn’t investigate the project thoroughly prior to investing. “We, in crypto, tend to have a ‘buy first, do research later’ mentality,” he said:

One of the most important things to do before investing in a project is to do your own research (DYOR), investigate the website, Twitter, team members, and any other information available to verify the authenticity of a project. In June, Mark Cuban called for DeFi regulation after a DeFi token collapsed from US$65 to US$0.00000003 on him, with others taking a starker position:

Categories
Crypto News Dogecoin Investing Tokens

Floki Inu Pumps 220% in a Single Day Amid Memecoin Frenzy

The memecoin circus looks set to continue as Floki Inu, a token established in July and named after Elon Musk’s then-new Shiba Inu puppy, soared 220 percent, printing new all-time highs.

Floki Inu soars 200%. Source: Coingecko

Advertisement-Driven Pump

One of the oft-repeated buzzwords common to almost all coins and tokens is decentralisation. In the case of Floki Inu, however, it’s pretty obvious that decentralisation is a secondary concern, given that an effort is being made by a centralised group to pump up the price.

Notably, the marketing material lacks any reference to FLOKI’s reason for existence – an omission that in itself speaks volumes and ought to already raise the alarm bells for anyone paying attention.

Floki Inu on the move, as seen in London. Source: Twitter

All over the world, various campaigns have been launched to promote FLOKI, seemingly seeking to elicit a sense of “FOMO” (fear of missing out) from retail investors looking to pile in.

A tale of two dogs, as seen in London. Source: Twitter

This tactic appears to have been successful given the token’s parabolic price rise in the past 24 hours.

An Obvious Pump and Dump?

Traditional finance has often struggled to understand crypto valuations, but even crypto investors would struggle to put together a coherent investment case for a token such as FLOKI, a memecoin that ostensibly lacks purpose.

FLOKI isn’t alone, as a lack of utility hasn’t stopped its canine relative SHIBA from soaring in recent weeks. Remarkably, the original memecoin, DOGE, comprised 62 percent of Robinhood’s Q2 crypto revenue. Unfortunately for Robinhood, DOGE’s lack of publicity in Q3 contributed significantly towards the company’s 78 percent decline in crypto revenue.

One eagle-eyed Redditor noted that of the 158,865 FLOKI holders, a whopping 49 percent is held by a single address. Could this whale be behind the campaign pumping FLOKI’s price with a view to dumping it on retail investors? A cynic would say yes, but then again, so would a realist. Steve Hanke isn’t a fan of crypto in general, but in this case he may prove to be spot on:

FLOKI isn’t even listed with any major exchanges as of yet. So it’s likely that its run will continue. Much like a game of musical chairs, retail investors would be well-advised to ensure they are not left holding the bags when the music stops.

Categories
Australia Blockchain Ethereum Gaming NFTs

Australia’s ‘Immutable X’ Inks Esports Deal to Enable Gasless NFTs

Immutable X, the Australian Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution for non-fungible tokens (NFTs), has partnered with a leading esports company, ESL Gaming, to provide gas-free trading of ESL Pro Tour NFTs on its platform.

ESL Gaming has been a giant in the gaming industry since 2000, raising more than A$10.76 million in prizemoney for gamers and helping to push the industry forward to where it is today.

ESL Gaming NFT Platform

The partnership will result in ESL getting its own NFT platform running on Immutable X technology, giving Counter-Strike enthusiasts around the world the opportunity to buy, sell and exchange NFT assets within the CS:GO ESL Pro Tour.

The platform has 11 million members and in 2020 alone, content from the ecosystem’s tournaments was broadcast for a cumulative total of 265 million hours across the world, generating over 675 million social media impressions and 52 million social media views through ESL Pro Tour CS:GO events. With fans in more than 190 countries, all tournaments from ESL Pro Tour CS:GO combined generated over 905 million video plays in 17 languages, not including China.

The Immutable team has gaming in their DNA and we share the same vision for the future of NFTs. In combination with a deep passion for the community, this is the only way to forge meaningful innovation in the space.

Bernhard Mogk, SVP, global business development, ESL Gaming

Carbon-Neutral, Gasless NFTs

The partnership with Immutable X will ensure ESL is provided with the required scaling infrastructure, granting access to esports fans to carbon-neutral and gas-free minting and trading of NFTs. Users will also be able to trade on the platform with their minds at ease, since Immutable X’s secure protocol directly inherits the Layer 1 security of Ethereum. The solution is powered by StarkWare‘s innovative technology, offering instant trade confirmation and massive scalability of up to 9,000 transactions per second.

Immutable X has committed to offset any carbon footprint with its certified climate-conscious partners, Trace and Cool Effect, making every NFT on its Layer 2 100 percent carbon-neutral.

The future is full of NFTs and drops that unlock exclusive perks for their owners. Players and enthusiasts can look at ESL Gaming’s previous NFT drops here. With the increasing amount of NFTs being produced across the globe, Adobe Photoshop has added a new feature to help verify the authenticity of digital art pieces.

Immutable’s solution to carbon-neutral and gas-free trading of NFTs fits our needs perfectly, and we can’t wait to show fans what we’re building …

David Hiltscher, VP, fan value management and analytics, ESL Gaming
Categories
Crypto News Gaming Play to Earn Scams Solana

NFT Metaverse Game Star Atlas Releases Roadmap, but No Sign of the Actual Game

Star Atlas is one of the most anticipated play-to-earn games in the crypto gaming space, with users already owning thousands of dollars’ worth of in-game assets. However, while the project boasts a beautiful website and fully functioning marketplace, there’s no game or even Alpha build to be seen.

Hosted on the Solana (SOL) blockchain, Star Atlas has attracted considerable hype based on the concepts and possibilities of what’s quite literally a game-changer. The game incorporates some of the latest graphical innovations, such as Unreal Engine 5 and Nanite technology that allows for the creation of worlds at unprecedented scale and detail. Players can own in-game assets (planets, ships, parts/items, in-game resources) with real-world value, either to be used in the game or sold on the marketplace.

The fact that there is no actual game build to be seen leads some to believe the game might end up the same way Earth 2 did. In that case, developers made claims of creating an exact virtual replica of Earth, comparable to a metaverse like “Ready player one or the Matrix”, allowing people to buy virtual land that might attract future value. Yet years later, the game is still in development and has been called a scam and Ponzi scheme by many.

Technology May Be Still Some Way Off

BigFry, a prominent YouTuber best-known for talking about “shady” developers and publishers in the gaming space, has taken a crack at Star Atlas, pointing out some of the aspects that could be an indication of a scam. As he says, it’s much easier to start a marketing campaign than to build a metaverse. Many times in the past developers have over-promised and under-delivered, with BigFry also stating that he thinks the technology required to build a game like this is still far away.

Star Atlas Is Not Your Average Game

Star Citizen had the same problem with lots of content but no game builds ever piercing the veil, with some some believing Star Atlas could be on the same road. There are more than 250 players already on the leaderboards, with the top-ranking player owning over US$800K in total in-game assets.

According to a YouTube interview with Star Atlas founder Michael Wagner, the project aims to break the mould in the industry by creating a metaverse where the aim is not just to play a game, but to construct an economy where gamers, entrepreneurs and people who want to work to earn money can come together and empower each other.

This is one of the main reasons why the game is being developed economy first, to allow players to understand the mechanics as well as to build all the systems from scratch on the blockchain. After slowly onboarding players to the marketplace and intricacies of the economy, actually playing the game comes next. At the moment there is a mini-game available where players can craft loot. Additionally, Wagner says that one of the first gameplay mechanics to be released will be the ship mission, available on May 31, 2022.

There are other works in progress such as character models and environments which can show for something, but that’s an easy task for a team of designers. Wagner says that in January 2022 there will be a digital showroom with interactable character models created with the new gaming engine, and where players can view their created NFTs.

In the meantime, the company has published a roadmap to assure investors and future players that everything is still on track:

It remains to be seen how the project will develop, but according to the roadmap the game’s 3D browser version is a “fully charted game map [Star Atlas] viewable and playable in-browser. This also unlocks coordinates for ship missions, exploration, and mining actual owned land claims”, scheduled for release on July 31, 2022.

Categories
Blockchain Crypto News Markets NFTs Privacy

Privacy-Centric DeFi Token Secret Soars 90% Amid OpenSea Partnership

The Secret Network has partnered with leading NFT marketplace OpenSea to launch Secret NFTs with a “secret world-renowned artist”, spurring the project’s decentralised finance (DeFi) token up 90 per cent.

According to Secret Network’s official website, the project is “the first blockchain with data privacy by default”, with the aim of protecting users and securing applications for Web3. The blockchain recently announced its new production house called Iconic, a platform for artists, developers and other creatives to create the first NFTs with built-in privacy and access controls.

The initial launch of the partnership will be celebrated by having a world-renowned artist and creator – whose identity remains ‘secret’ for now – auction seven unique NFTs as part of a single collection in November. Interested parties can register for whitelist consideration for these Secret NFTs here.

The initial auction will be followed by a second, larger auction that will be open to the general audience to purchase and mint their new Secret NFTs.

Guy Zyskind, founder and CEO of Enigma, the core developers behind Secret Network, stated that a great deal of time had been spent preparing for this “hero event”. OpenSea evidently shared his enthusiasm:

OpenSea is excited to partner with Secret NFTs to help artists provide a multi-tiered experience for their collectors […] Private NFTs offer a new type of solution to all kinds of creators, and we’re excited to move the ecosystem forward together.

Alexander Bercow, art partnerships manager, OpenSea

According to TradingView, Secret (SCRT) has made a 90 per cent gain since the news of the partnership broke. The token had been trading at around US$4.50 beforehand and doubled to $9 at its peak before stabilising around $8 at the time of writing.

The DeFi industry has been booming this year with the total value locked increasing 10 times since January. Australia currently ranks 12th out of 154 countries in terms of DeFi adoption.

Unseen First Issue Privacy-Based NFTs

The Secret NFTs featured in the auction will be the first of their kind to offer buyers “exclusive content viewable only to the holder – and that has also never been seen previously by anyone but its creator”.

We’ve secured IP for one of the greatest artistic creators to kick off our NFT ecosystem and punctuate our privacy-preserving technology. Secret Network is the first blockchain to support NFT assets that contain both public and private content. Programmable privacy for NFTs is fundamentally about choice – any holder of a Secret NFT can choose to make ownership and/or private metadata completely public for anyone to see.

Guy Zyskind, founder and CEO, Enigma

Traditionally, NFTs don’t allow users to choose if they want to keep the metadata and ownership private. Secret NFTs have changed the status quo by allowing these fields to remain private, whereas with other chains such as Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain and Solana, this data will always be public. An additional measure is allowing users to manage their access control where creators can choose who has full access to their content.

Traditional vs Secret NFTs: Secret network

With Secret NFTs, verifiable ownership of goods and experiences does not have to be public. Secret Network’s process of validation occurs without compromising any private data, including proofs of authenticity and transfers.

To learn more about the Secret Network, see embedded details in the tweet below:

Categories
Blockchain Crypto News DeFi NFTs Solana

Solana Reclaims $200 Amid Soaring TVL in DeFi

In recent weeks Solana (SOL) has been climbing the ranks of market cap and total value locked (TVL) among the top 10 protocols. The public blockchain has seen a noticeable gain in price along with the surge of DeFi and NFT projects being built on the chain, bringing it closer to the top five cryptocurrencies.

SOL, the native token of Solana, a public blockchain backed by Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of crypto exchange FTX, hit a record US$218.90 on October 25, according to TradingView. In the past week, Solana has gained 35 percent, mostly driven by DeFi and NFT projects.

Last week’s results have seen the total crypto market capitalisation pass the US$2.5 trillion mark, a new milestone for the cryptocurrency industry, with SOL flipping Ripple (XRP) to become the sixth-largest cryptocurrency by market cap.

SOL was a top performer over the last few months … [It’s] only natural for it to perform well during the next leg of the bull cycle.

Ashwath Balakrishnan, research associate, Delphi Digital

Solana’s Major Increase in TVL

One of the main factors pushing this ride up was the surge of DeFi, DAO and NFT projects on the Solana blockchain. Funds have been streaming into the decentralised finance (DeFi) economy, enabling users to loan funds, earn interest, swap tokens and generally make their money work for them.

According to DeFi data provider Defi Llama, TVL in Solana reached an all-time high of approximately US$14 billion on October 25. TVL is the US dollar value of the cryptocurrency committed to DeFi protocols.

Solana TVL: DeFi Llama

A handful of projects on the Solana blockchain have brought in billions for the chain, significantly increasing its TVL. The dominant project is Saber, an automated market maker (AMM) protocol that enables Solana users and applications to trade between stable pairs of assets and earns yields by providing liquidity, which has raked in US$2.05 billion.

Another four protocols – Radium (US$1.91 billion), Sunny (US$1.73 billion), Serum (US$1.69 billion) and Marinade Finance (US$1.63 billion) – have locked in over US$5 billion for the public blockchain.

Money Flows From Bitcoin to Other Layer 1 Platforms

Bitcoin (BTC) reached its new all-time high of US$66,974.77 last week as money flows from it to other Layer 1 solutions, resulting in an altcoin season. Layer 1 is the base layer, the main network on which a cryptocurrency such as bitcoin runs.

According to TradingView, the bitcoin dominance ratio, which measures bitcoin’s market capitalisation relative to the total crypto market cap, dropped to as low as 44.62 percent last weekend before returning to roughly 45 percent on October 25. That decrease in the dominance ratio indicated that at least part of bitcoin’s momentum had shifted to other tokens.

When bitcoin momentum slows down, Layer 1 tokens often perform better than any category […] Layer 1s have been the best-performing tokens since the June bottom – and, quite frankly, they boast the highest year-to-date returns, too.

Delphi Digital market report
Categories
Crypto News Google Hackers Scams

Warning: Hackers Are Hijacking YouTube Channels to Run Crypto Scams

Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) has been fending off hackers attacking the accounts of YouTubers to hijack and repurpose them to run ads for cryptocurrency scams.

According to an update from TAG, the team has been disrupting phishing campaigns targeting YouTubers with Cookie Theft malware since 2019. The team has recently shared details about these “financially motivated phishing campaigns” that are used to trick YouTubers in various ways to hijack their accounts and then “either sell [them] to the highest bidder or use [them] to broadcast cryptocurrency scams”.

A large number of hijacked channels were rebranded for cryptocurrency scam live-streaming. On account-trading markets, hijacked channels ranged from US$3 to US$4,000 depending on the number of subscribers.

Ashley Shen, Threat Analysis Group (TAG)

The channels would be customised to look like those of large crypto firms or crypto exchanges where the attacker live-streamed videos promising cryptocurrency giveaways in exchange for an initial contribution.

Google’s Steps to Protect Users

In collaboration with YouTube, Gmail, Trust & Safety, CyberCrime Investigation Group and Safe Browsing teams, TAG’s protective measures have “decreased the volume of related phishing emails on Gmail by 99.6% since May 2021. We blocked 1.6M messages to targets, displayed ~62K Safe Browsing phishing page warnings, blocked 2.4K files, and successfully restored ~4K accounts”.

As a result, attackers are starting to move to non-Gmail providers, “mostly email.cz, seznam.cz, post.cz and aol.com”. Phishing emails can be remarkably deceptive, and once the wheels start turning on the process it can be very difficult to stop and recover an account. 

How Accounts Can Be Hacked

TAG had found that the perpetrators of the campaign were recruiting hackers from a “Russian-speaking forum”. The hackers would “lure their target(s) with fake collaboration opportunities”, usually in the form of a demo for anti-virus software, VPN, music players, photo editing or online games, and then gain access to their accounts through Cookie Theft, also known as “pass-the-cookie attack”.

Once the target agreed to the deal, a malware landing page disguised as a software download URL [would be] sent via email or a PDF on Google Drive, and in a few cases, Google documents containing the phishing links. Around 15,000 actor accounts were identified, most of which were created for this campaign specifically.

Ashley Shen, Threat Analysis Group (TAG)

There have also been cases of malware that can copy information on your clipboard to get your crypto information.

Some of the other tactics and known procedures to hack accounts are:

  • social engineering YouTubers with advertisement offers;
  • planting fake software landing pages and social media accounts;
  • delivering cookie theft malware;
  • cryptocurrency scams and selling; and
  • hack-for-hire attackers.
Categories
Blockchain Crypto News IOTA

IOTA Launches a ‘DeFi Operator’s Wet Dream’, Smart Contracts with Zero Fees

The IOTA Foundation has recently launched its beta for smart contracts allowing developers to set their own execution fees, a feature expected to suppress fees to near-zero.

According to an announcement on the IOTA blog, the blockchain’s beta release will give builders “limitless possibilities to build decentralised applications [dApps] and other Web3 innovations”.

‘Near-Zero’ Execution Cost for Smart Contracts

The new layer aims to address some existing problems with fees, scalability, interoperability and limited composability, and introduce some innovations not yet seen in the space.

Thanks to IOTA’s feeless 1000 transaction-per-second base layer acting as a trustless atomic bridge for smart contracts, a smart contract chain can define its own incentives and fees (potentially even feeless), offering new possibilities to get mainstream adoption with dApps. Smart contract chains can be built on top of IOTA with their own specifications, allowing service providers such as governments to execute smart contracts with no fees.

This dynamic pricing creates an incentive to drive fees down, since different chains can now compete for the work of executing a smart contract. By allowing several chains to compete for work, it’s presumed it will lead to “near-zero or even zero-fees” to execute smart contracts on the platform.

The possibility for chains to compete for the ‘work’ of executing a smart contract creates an additional incentive to push execution fees to their absolute minimum – including zero. Non-zero fees are payable in whatever form the chain owner demands, giving additional flexibility. In a nutshell, it is a DeFi operator’s ‘wet dream’.

Dominik Schiener, co-founder and chairman, Iota Foundation

The smart contract service aims to foster interoperability and standardisation by integrating the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to write smart contracts, as well as an additional tool to help with the standardised portions of a smart contract. Developers will be able to write in various programming languages including Tiny Go, Rust, and Ethereum’s Solidity.

Smart contract chain developers have full flexibility to define their chain and tokenomics. In the future they could even set transaction fees to zero and instead reward validators with their native tokens, thus creating their own economies and massively reducing entry barriers for their dApps.

A Scaling Solution for Smart Contracts

IOTA smart contracts is a sharded smart contract network, where each smart contract chain is limited by its own scalability and is not hindered by the rest of the network. What IOTA does is spin different networks on top of its base layer so the smart contracts that run on those networks can talk to each other. This means they can transfer assets from one blockchain network to another.

A good way to think about it, Schiener says, is that “there might be one main open network where anybody can deploy a smart contract. But if you want to use another network with different characteristics, or even spin out your own, that’s also possible.”

IOTA smart contracts also enable the feeless transfer of assets across chains, which offers the IOTA ecosystem – and anyone else interested – unprecedented opportunities in terms of utility, composability, and scalability.

Dominik Schiener, co-founder and chairman, Iota Foundation
Categories
Australia Crypto News Industries Regulation

Australian Cybersecurity Bill Slammed by Industry Bodies as ‘Over-Reaching’ and ‘Fast-Tracked’

A new Australian Infrastructure Bill that gives the government considerable powers in the event of a high-risk cyberattack is in the process of being passed. Yet the Bill has been criticised by a coalition of Australian and US tech companies, while the government pushes to get its new permissions “fast-tracked”.

The Australian government is in the process of introducing an enhanced regulatory framework, building on existing requirements under the Security of Critical Infrastructure (SOCI) Act.

The Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security (PJCIS) has made 14 recommendations and looks to amend the SOCI Act to add three permissions. The tech coalition’s specific concerns relate to Part 3A of the Act, which allows “government assistance to relevant entities for critical infrastructure sector assets in response to significant cyberattacks that impact on Australia’s critical infrastructure assets”.

According to a report by The Australian newspaper, if the permissions are granted, the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), a government agency in charge of cyber warfare and information security, would be able to take over control of critical infrastructure such as energy, communications and banking systems.

The Critical Infrastructure Bill will be introduced to parliament on October 27, with bipartisan support from the committee that examined it.

Tech Industry Doesn’t Agree

The Information Technology Industry Council (ITI), Cybersecurity Coalition and the Australian Information Industry Association (AIIA) are opposing the bill and stated in a letter to Karen Andrews MP, Minister for Home Affairs, that they were “disappointed” by the fact that no changes were made after they had given recommendations, and that the Bill was to be “fast-tracked and pushed through as a separate Bill, without further public consultation”.

The PJCIS recommended that emergency powers be swiftly legislated in a stand-alone bill, with a second, separate bill to be introduced following further consultation. The tech coalition stated in the joint letter that “without significant revision, the bill will create an unworkable set of obligations and set a troubling global precedent”.

While the government asserts that this power is intended only as a measure of last resort to address “cybersecurity incidents”, the Bill provides the government with unprecedented and far-reaching powers, which can impact the networks, systems and customers of domestic and international entities, and should be subject to a statutorily prescribed mechanism for judicial review and oversight.

Tech coalition letter

The group strongly urged the Australian government to consider the precedent the Bill sets for Australia’s trade partners in addressing national security risks, as well as the challenges Australian companies may face in other markets if these requirements are replicated by other governments.

The Increasing Importance of Cybersecurity

This comes after a new Ransomware Action Plan, released last week, that allows Australian authorities to seize or freeze financial transactions in cryptocurrencies that are associated with cybercrime, regardless of their country of origin.

The PJCIS has stated that the “threat of cybersecurity vulnerability and malicious cyber activity has become increasingly evident in recent years”, with about a quarter of reported cybersecurity incidents affecting critical infrastructure organisations.

According to Senator James Paterson, chair of the parliamentary committee: “While sympathetic to the concerns of industry leaders, the committee does not believe that pausing the entire Bill is in Australia’s national interests given the immediate cyber threats that our nation faces”, adding that “the committee’s recommended solution allows for urgent measures to pass now to equip the government with the emergency powers it needs, while allowing additional time for co-design to overcome the concerns of industry about the regulatory impact”.

Categories
Banking CBDCs Crypto News Industries Institutions

French CBDC Trial Incorporating Smart Contracts Heralded a Success

Banque de France, the French central bank, has successfully completed its 10-month trial using Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) in the country’s debt market.

The trial was led by Euroclear, a Belgium-based financial services company that specialises in the settlement of securities transactions. The trial also included many of France’s largest banks, as well as the French public debt office and the central bank, which used a permissioned blockchain-based system developed by IBM on Hyperledger Fabric.

We have together successfully been able to measure the inherent benefits of this technology, concluding that the CBDC can settle central bank money safely and securely.

Isabelle Delorme, Euroclear executive

According to the report released by Euroclear, the pilot was launched in March 2020 by Banque de France to explore the uses of a digital currency issued by the central bank. The continued research and development of a CBDC for the settlement of government bonds and securities has been adjudged a success, according to Euroclear:

It showed that CBDC can be effectively used to support the settlement of securities in central bank money and that it is possible to run post-trade operations for an activity as critical for the capital markets as the management of OATs [order audit trail system].

Euroclear report

Enhancing the Traditional System

Typically, deals are reconciled between parties, recorded and assets transferred to a single centralised authority such as a central bank or securities depository. This process usually pushes out the time settlement takes and increases costs due to intermediaries.

This experiment made it possible to demonstrate the possibilities of interaction between conventional and distributed infrastructures. It also paves the way for other alliances in order to benefit from the opportunities offered by financial assets in a blockchain environment.

Nathalie Aufauvre, general director of financial stability and operations, Banque de France

The project tested use cases of a CBDC in a range of everyday activities, such as issuing new bonds, using them in repurchase agreements, as well as paying coupons and redeeming deals.

Dedicated smart contracts were developed to test the handling of coupon payments based on the holdings of securities tokens. Payments were automatically prepared at defined dates and automatically settled in CBDC at defined payment dates on the blockchain platform.

Smart contracts have the ability to provide more autonomy to capital market participants while maintaining the control imposed by regulators on a blockchain platform.

Landmark for CBDCs

According to Soren Mortensen, global director of financial markets at IBM, the project “went well beyond previous blockchain initiatives” because it successfully trialled “most central securities depository and central bank processes” while eliminating existing interim steps such as reconciliation between market intermediaries. Blockchain could therefore facilitate a reduction of the settlement cycle, leading to capital and margin cost reductions.

Veteran policymaker Benoît Cœuré warned central banks last month to act more quickly to develop official digital assets because new technologies such as decentralised finance posed a threat to banks and other depository institutions.

Due to the nature of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), it is possible to process transactions without the need for an intermediary, reducing fees and increasing speed, while transactions remain completely traceable and transparent. Policymakers are worried that private sector initiatives around payments and cryptocurrency issuance could lead to central banks losing control of monetary policy, therefore spurring the uptake of CBDCs.