Ethereum sidechain project Polygon (MATIC) could well have lost all of its MATIC tokens, worth US$24 billion, after it discovered a “severe” bug that had gone unnoticed for some time. To offset the enormous loss, the Polygon network underwent a hard fork to save the project.
‘Critical’ Vulnerability Found in Polygon’s PoS Genesis Contract
The hard fork proceeded after a “critical” vulnerability was found in Polygon’s proof-of-stake genesis contract, which would have allowed attackers to steal 9.2 billion MATIC tokens. The total supply of MATIC is 10 billion, and any vulnerability would have put 9.2 billion of those tokens at risk, a potentially devastating loss.
The problem was reported on the bug bounty platform Immunefi by a white hat hacker known as Leon Spacewalker. Following the discovery of the bug, Immunefi informed the team at Polygon, after which they confirmed it.
However, Polygon did not come out entirely unscathed. Before the upgrade on the mainnet could be completed, an unknown black hat hacker stole 801,601 MATIC, worth about US$1.6 million.
The team at Polygon reported: “Despite our best efforts, a malicious hacker was able to use the exploit to steal 801,601 MATIC before the network upgrade took effect.”
Co-founder Conceded Pre-existing Vulnerability
Although Polygon did not release details regarding the incident until December 29, chatter on social media had emerged mid-month about the network zero-warning hard fork. During that time, Polygon co-founder Mihailo Bjelic did concede that a vulnerability existed and that the team would subsequently release details of the problem.
Bjelic wrote at the time: “We are now investing much more on security and we’re making an effort to improve security practices across all Polygon projects.”
When asked why the project waited until this week to disclose information regarding the bug, the core development team explained its “silent patches” policy:
All in all, the team struck the best possible balance between openness and doing what’s best for the community, partners and the broader ecosystem in handling this extremely urgent and sensitive issue. But you can be the judge of that.
Polygon core development team statement
Polygon Records Exponential Growth
Polygon is undergoing a period of growth and mass adoption, and is evolving and adapting along with it. The scaling solution has seen an increasing number of decentralisation applications (dApps) running on the network. Data has also revealed that Polygon is growing at a rate two times faster than Ethereum at a comparable time in its history.
SOS, an airdrop from OpenDAO distributed to people who have spent money on OpenSea transactions, has surged 1,000 percent in two days as a result.
Although OpenDAO is not affiliated with non-fungible token (NFT) marketplace OpenSea, any user who has ever spent money on OpenSea could claim the Ethereum token SOS, with the amount determined by exactly how much users have spent.
Up to 240,000 Users Claim SOS Token
Since Christmas Eve, the popularity of the project has led to about 240,000 people claiming the SOS token, which pushed its value up 1,000 percent.
Tokens were dropped by OpenDAO, an independent decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) that has pledged to use some of the tokens it had earmarked for itself to compensate users of OpenSea for past scams, and to support the ever-growing NFT industry.
On Christmas Day, SOS was the largest gainer on CoinMarketCap, and by Boxing Day the token had risen to a market cap of US$321 million. The project’s Discord had about 50,000 members, and 100,000 people were following OpenDAO’s Twitter account.
How to Claim Your SOS
The more a person has traded, the more tokens that person is able to claim. OpenDAO calculates how many tokens are allocated based on transactions conducted prior to December 23. Any OpenSea transactions concluded after that date would not factor in the calculation.
For a short tutorial on the claims process, watch this informative video on YouTube:
Just a week later, OpenSea’s product lead Nate Chastain was accused of insider trading of NFTs promoted on the front page of the platform. The allegations were confirmed by the OpenSea team, and Chastain has since resigned from his position.
Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) and attempting to buy historical artifacts are catching on in late 2021. Last month, ConstitutionDAO attempted to purchase a rare first-edition copy of the US Constitution, and now a new DAO, BlockbusterDAO, is trying to buy one of the best-known pre-digital brands of the 1990s and early 2000s.
Big Plans for Blockbuster LLC
After ConstitutionDAO was outbid by former Citadel founder Kenneth Griffin, a new DAO – BlockbusterDAO – announced its intention to purchase the iconic video brand. According to its Twitter feed, the DAO wants to ultimately create a decentralised film streaming service, with additional plans for movie financing and production down the line.
The thread also explained why BlockbusterDAO intends to go through with the purchase:
The Blockbuster brand is not only nostalgic, it’s a historic landmark in the history of film. Despite its 1/1 brand recognition, the company was destroyed by terrible leadership with an inability to pivot and make dynamic business decisions.
BlockbusterDAO, Twitter
To achieve its goals, BlockbusterDAO wants to raise US$5 million to purchase the brand from Dish Network, a US television provider which acquired Blockbuster in 2011. The DAO aims to raise the finance by selling BlockbusterDAO non-fungible tokens (NFTs) for 0.13 ETH each (US$494 at the time of writing).
Although ConstitutionDAO was unsuccessful in its efforts to purchase a copy of the US Constitution, the group is now giving donors a choice – to either accept refunds, or remain in the DAO and receive a “We The People” (WTP) governance token.
DAOs: the New-Age Crowdfunding Solution
As DAOs continue to gain popularity for various reasons, capital raising seems to be the most prominent. For those wishing to buy a National Basketball Association (NBA) team, or an island in the Caribbean, for instance, but don’t necessarily have US$50 million lying around, DAOs are the perfect way for individuals to realise such dreams.
DAOs – the new-age crowdfunding solution – show what a community of people can do when they band together to achieve a collective goal.
Let’s take a closer look at today’s altcoins showing breakout signals. We’ll explain what the coin is, then dive into the trading charts and provide some analysis to help you decide.
1. Ethereum (ETH)
Ethereum ETH is a decentralised open-source blockchain system that features its own cryptocurrency, Ether. ETH works as a platform for numerous other cryptocurrencies, as well as for the execution of decentralised smart contracts. Ethereum’s own purported goal is to become a global platform for decentralised applications, allowing users from all over the world to write and run software that is resistant to censorship, downtime, and fraud.
ETH Price Analysis
At the time of writing, ETH is ranked the 2nd cryptocurrency globally and the current price is US$3,981.13. Let’s take a look at the chart below for price analysis:
ETH‘s long-term range from November’s high could be coming to an end. The 9, 18 and 40 EMAs flipped bullish at the beginning of December after late November’s retracement, showing strength as BTC recovered. Currently, the price is hovering just under the monthly high as bulls take some profits.
Two swing highs and the 9 EMA could mark $3880.87 to $3726.72 as an area of possible support. A deeper retracement will likely find some buyers around the 61.8% retracement near $3567.59.
The monthly high will likely see some profit-taking, but the area near the 27% extension, at $4250.12, could also provide some resistance. The 61.8% extensions of the last two swings converge near $4520.54, which could be the target for a monthly high break before a new setup emerges.
2. Shiba Inu (SHIB)
Shiba Inu SHIB coin was created anonymously in August 2020 under the pseudonym “Ryoshi”. The meme coin quickly gained speed and value as a community of investors was drawn in by the cute charm of the coin, paired with headlines and tweets from personalities like Elon Musk and Vitalik Buterin.
SHIB Price Analysis
At the time of writing, SHIB is ranked the 12th cryptocurrency globally and the current price is US$0.00003321. Let’s take a look at the chart below for price analysis:
SHIB wasted no time during October, rocketing upward over 465% from the first week of the month into the resistance near $0.00007982.
For the past several days, the price has been moving in a falling wedge and appears to be flipping old support near $0.00003142 to resistance. If this level breaks – perhaps due to the tempting daily equal lows below – the next support begins near $0.00002829.
Bulls entering at these levels could set their first target near the previous resistance near $0.00003580. Beyond this level, probable targets include the new monthly highs near $0.00003824 and the resistance above near $0.00004092.
A break of this resistance later this month could continue to the new weekly highs near $0.00004522 and $0.00004954.
3. Holo (HOT)
Holo HOT is a peer-to-peer distributed platform for hosting decentralised applications built using Holochain, a framework for developing DApps that does not require the use of blockchain technology. The goal of Holo is to serve as a bridge between the broader internet and apps built using Holochain, offering an ecosystem and marketplace in which DApps are easily accessible, as they are hosted on the internet by Holo network participants.
HOT Price Analysis
At the time of writing, HOT is ranked the 78th cryptocurrency globally and the current price is US$0.008031. Let’s take a look at the chart below for price analysis:
Since the beginning of December, HOT has been in a gentle downtrend. The future likely holds more stop runs and erratic volatility until the chart forms more substantial high-timeframe levels.
A retracement might uncover support near $0.007596, which is the daily high of the last swing low. The high of the wick beginning near $0.007350 may also provide support. However, bulls will likely remain wary of the current downtrend, making the low at $0.006829 likely to be the next bearish target.
Just above, the daily gap beginning near $0.008333 may provide resistance to bulls, possibly marking a future range high. A push through this level is likely to target the swing high near $0.008599 – perhaps running to probable resistance near $0.008945. Strength above this level might signal the start of a bullish trend, encouraging bulls to “buy the dip”.
These coins have high liquidity on Binance Exchange, so that could help with trading on AUD/USDT/BTC pairs. And if you’re looking at buying and HODLing cryptos, then Swyftx Exchange is an easy-to-use popular choice in Australia.
As the NFT boom continues, Formula One (F1) has cemented itself in the race to the blockchain as it launched its own non-fungible token (NFT) fantasy game, “DeltaTime”. F1 DeltaTime is built atop Ethereum and is based around the collection and trading of unique Formula One cars, drivers and components.
Get Your REVVs Up
The latest news from the F1 DeltaTime world is that it has now also introduced NFT staking. Consisting of two main play experiences, Collection and Competitive Racing Games, FI DeltaTime – with its native token REVV – utilises the Ethereum blockchain and runs off the ERC-20 standard. NFTs are available for purchase on OpenSea for relatively reasonable prices.
However, NFTs of some of the more famous characters in the racing world such as leading F1 driver Lewis Hamilton will run to about 8.99 ETH (approximately US$36,400). NFTs can also be purchased using the REVV token.
The Collectibles Game centres on trading rare virtual items including Cars, Drivers, Components and Trinkets, which adds gamification to the collection of NFTs, adding layers such as achievements and leaderboards.
Race Your Own NFT Car
Like traditional racing games, the “Racing Game” allows players to take their collectibles – cars, drivers trinkets and components – and manage them into a race-ready Grand Prix entrant. The game is presented to the player or the owner of the NFT as a 2.5D perspective overlooking a selected track and allowing players in command of their racing vehicle to control the car’s acceleration and braking.
For a handy tutorial on how to start racing, watch this YouTube video:
Stake Your Car for Rewards
Ending the year on a high note, F1 DeltaTime has announced a new pool of 1.5 million REVV available to be earned by players via staking. The game has also announced the SHRD token, a new P2E (play-to-earn) token now earnable in F1 Delta Time. Staking takes place for 28 days from December 9.
Staking in this instance refers to owners sending their car NFTs to a staking smart contract for a given period, where they will passively earn REVV from the token pool. While in staking, the NFT cannot be used in any of the gameplay modes.
Once staked, the NFTs cannot be unstaked or restaked for a 24-hour cooling off period. Earning is determined based on every 24-hour period a car remains staked. Owners can claim their staking rewards after the entire staking period has ended.
Fantasy Games on the Rise Amid an NFT Boom
There are no signs of a slowdown as the world of NFTs continues to throw up innovative and interesting projects, among which fantasy NFTs games remain one of the most popular.
Amid the rise of blockchain-based fantasy NFT games and fantasy football games, Sorare has been one of the biggest on the front, raising US$680 million in a historic Series B funding round in an effort to expand its game.
To learn more about the most interesting NFT projects set to launch, from P2E to metaverse, Crypto News Australia has published a helpful guide.
By way of expanding its metaverse footprint, sports apparel giant Nike has announced the acquisition of RTFKT Studios, a digital art studio focusing on sneaker-themed non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and collectibles on the Ethereum blockchain.
Nike Steps into the Metaverse
According to Nike CEO and president John Donahoe, “This acquisition is another step that accelerates Nike’s digital transformation and allows us to serve athletes and creators at the intersection of sport, creativity, gaming and culture.” He added: “We’re acquiring a very talented team of creators with an authentic and connected brand. Our plan is to invest in the RTFKT brand, serve and grow their innovative and creative community, and extend Nike’s digital footprint and capabilities.”
The move by Nike serves to cement its position in the metaverse and blockchain-based branding. Last month, the company launched NIKELAND in a collaboration with Roblox for an immersive 3D world. During that time, Nike had also submitted four filing requests to trademark virtual goods with the US Patent and Trademark Office.
Founded in 2020, RTFKT is a pioneering and innovative brand that redefines the boundaries of physical and digital value to serve its broad community of creators. Co-founder Chris Le has said that “when we first started, we had fun designing sneakers inspired by video games and making dope content and always trying to innovate”.
Nike has always been our inspiration. This is the start of a new chapter in the RTFKT story.
Chris Le, co-founder, RTFKT
Adidas and Asics Beat Nike in Race to the Metaverse
Although now officially part of the metaverse, Nike won’t be the only sports apparel company occupying the space. Earlier this month, Adidas announced it would be collaborating with Bored Ape creators and Yuga Labs to enter the metaverse. Adidas had made a show of good faith by purchasing a Bored Ape Yacht Club NFT for 46 ETH, or US$156,000 at the time.
There is also a divide between the sexes, according to the Saxo survey. Around 21 percent of Australian men claim to have a handle on what cryptocurrencies are and how they work, compared to just seven percent of women.
These findings stand in stark contrast to the IRCI survey, which found that:
28.8 percent (or almost three in 10) of Australians either own or have owned crypto (up from 18.4 percent in 2020); and
the proportion of women who own crypto has almost doubled in 12 months from 10.1 percent in 2020 to 20 percent.
The Saxo poll found that bitcoin was easily the best-known crypto, albeit with an underwhelming 38 percent of Australians surveyed recognising the name. The next most familiar cryptocurrencies were Ethereum, ringing a bell for 12 per cent of Australians surveyed, and Dogecoin next on 8 per cent.
By comparison, the IRCI survey found that nine in 10 Australians were aware of bitcoin with more than one in five owning it. The next-ranked crypto was Ethereum, at 11 percent (up from 5 percent ownership in 2020), on a relative par with the Saxo survey.
Three in Four Australians ‘Unaware’ of NFTs
Perhaps the most surprising Saxo statistic was that 75 per cent of Australians apparently have not even heard of non-fungible tokens (NFTs), though they’ve been by far the hottest blockchain commodity in 2021. Below is a table relating to Saxo’s findings:
As Australian Crypto Owners Push Toward a Million, a CBDC is On the Way
Last week, Australian Federal Treasurer Josh Frydenberg estimated that more than 800,000 Australians have owned cryptocurrency at least once. Crypto was a “fast-moving area” that the government needed to get ahead of, Frydenberg said, while also declaring both the Commonwealth and Reserve banks were planning to introduce a central cryptocurrency.
The Saxo survey found that 42 per cent of Australians would use a cryptocurrency if it were made legal tender tomorrow, but only one in four agreed that cryptos should be declared legal by the government. If cryptos were in legal circulation, one in three Aussies said they would incorporate them in their savings or retirement plans.
In August, the 2021 Global Blockchain Survey conducted by multinational accounting firm Deloitte revealed that 76 percent of respondents believed crypto would be a strong alternative to, or outright replace, fiat money within the next decade.
According to a May survey by TradingView, cryptocurrencies had by then become Australians’ second-most preferred assets, outranking traditional assets such as bonds and futures. Just a month later, another survey by international crypto exchange Kraken found that 40 percent of millennials preferred investing in digital assets over real estate.
Solana has suffered a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack that jammed the network and led to huge delays, but managed to stay online through it all.
A DDoS attack is generally when an organised “botnet” (a large number of coordinated devices) take to a blockchain’s network at once in order to overload the system and choke traffic speeds to the point that it causes the network to fail and go offline.
As the new cool kid on the block, Solana is currently the fastest blockchain in the crypto space and has been hailed as the “Eth Killer”. Praised as the answer to Ethereum’s network congestion issues during times of high traffic, Solana offers much faster processing times and lower transaction fees.
Has Solana Sacrificed Network Security For Speed?
The DDoS attack has raised the question over whether Solana has sacrificed network security for speed. The issue of Solana’s proof-of-history consensus model not being sufficiently secure against attacks such as this one has opened up discussion online. Justin Bons, founder and CIO of crypto funds investment management company CyberCapital, breaks down the concerns over the security of the Solana blockchain in the Twitter post below. He says that due to the Solana network’s deterministic block creation mode, it is possible to predict and attack the next block producers in line.
In this week’s Grayscale Investments report, the world’s largest crypto fund management firm also voiced its concerns over the Solana blockchain’s consensus mechanism as a potential risk: “The Solana consensus mechanism uses a new blockchain technology that is not widely used, and may not function as intended. There may be flaws in the cryptography underlying the network, including flaws that affect the functionality of the Solana network or make the network vulnerable to attack.”
This is not the first time Solana has suffered a DDoS attack. In September the network suffered two attacks that stopped processing transactions and took Solana offline for a short time. The project’s developer has tweeted that these outages from attacks are all just “growing pains” and that he is still insanely bullish for Solana.
Many DApps have been integrating Solana into their projects, including the recent partnership with Brave browser announced on stage at Breakpoint 2021 (a crypto conference organised by Solana) in Portugal last month.
Solana Proof of History Explained
If you’re keen to get a sense of how Solana’s consensus mechanism works, be sure to check out this explanatory video below.
After its valuation shot up earlier this year, Reddit intends to expand its Community Points beta, allowing any subreddit to request the ability to create its own token. Reddit released a waitlist for subreddits who wish to do so and has provided additional information regarding its Community Points on its website.
Subreddits Can Have Own Points, Name, Symbol and Token
Reddit Community Points are handed out as rewards for active users in the community and can be given based on the number of upvotes a member receives within a subreddit, whether for a post they had made themselves or a post made on somebody else’s. The expanded Community Points programs will allow each subreddit to have its own Community Points, with a custom name, symbol and token.
Points can have value too and may be sold for other cryptos. The crypto points have value within each respective community/subreddit and can be used to purchase features or engage in community governance. Additionally, the points can also potentially be swapped for other cryptos or tokens at exchanges, or used for external purposes.
Tokens Retain Community Ownership
Reddit adds: “Community Points are the first step towards a different future for online communities … these tokens live on the blockchain, which means they are truly owned by the community. Over time, your community will benefit from even greater control and independence -on and off of Reddit.”
Currently, Community Points run on a test net version of Ethereum, but Reddit is working with Ethereum layer two scaling solution Arbitrum to see if it can run a version of that instead. As it stands, Reddit offers Community Points in the r/Cryptocurrency subreddit, called Moons, and in the r/Fortnite subreddit, called Bricks.
Reddit adds that the goal of introducing tokens to Reddit is that they can be used to incentivise good behaviour or content creation without a specific community. Community Points can also potentially be used in the future to run a community itself – a theme that some users are not entirely happy with.
Reddit Makes More Moves in Crypto
The news of tokens to additional subreddits comes during a welcome time as Reddit busies itself in the crypto world. In October, Reddit fuelled speculation it was getting into the non-fungible token (NFT) craze. A new job posting for a senior back-end engineer even had many wondering whether the social media giant might be building its very own NFT platform.
As the non-fungible token (NFTs) boom continues to explode, new projects are popping up left, right, and centre. One of the more recent developments in this burgeoning market is the use of NFTs as digital avatars, along with some meme projects set for imminent launch.
Follow this guide for the inside scoop on 10 bizarre meme avatar NFT projects ready to launch this month:
1. Chimp Club
Set to launch on December 10, Chimp Club is a collection of 10,000 handcrafted and randomly assembled chimps who all live on the Ethereum blockchain. Out of a wide variety of personalities – from hackers and artists to degens, boomers and zoomers, with each chimp built from a unique combo of hair, hats, eyes, mouths, and outfits – owners are able to fully customise their chimp’s profile.
Chimp Club is a community-driven initiative, which will allow holders of Chimps to take part in coordinating the club’s treasury, development and direction. By purchasing a chimp, buyers will be granted full and complete rights to do whatever they want with the NFT and the artwork included, commercially or otherwise. To mint a chimp, holders can use MetaMask, Wallet Connect or Wallet Link.
2. Eraser Heads Lead Rebellion
Eraser Heads is a collection of 11,111 unique, generative NFTs that exist on the Ethereum blockchain. From the December 8 presale, Eraser Heads also exist on the Polygon blockchain network, which means there are no gas fees associated with minting so holders are able to keep more of their initial investment. These NFTs have some additional utility, with buyers earning tokens just by holding.
3. Eternal Utopia
The Eternal Utopia is a collection of AI-generated humanoid characters (Utopians) that are residents of an alternative planet Earth on the Ethereum blockchain, doubling as ERC-721 tokens. Each NFT is hand-sketched using a different colour palette and shading group by the artist, Shoeb. Utopians are created by using generative arts randomly shuffled from 101 different traits, including skins, accessories and expressions.
4. Ghetto SharkHood
Already available for purchase on the OpenSea marketplace, Ghetto SharkHood is a limited collection of 10,000 Ghetto Shark NFTs stored on the Ethereum blockchain as ERC-721 tokens. By purchasing a Ghetto Shark, holders gain lifetime membership to the SharkHood, along with members-only benefits. Each Ghetto Shark is unique and programmatically generated from 180 possible traits, including expressions, headwear, accessories and skins.
5. Foxtoons Club
Launched on December 8, Foxtoons Club is a collection of programmatically generated NFTs built on the blockchain. The first generation consists of 3333 random Foxtoons, which are randomly assembled and picked from a pool of 500,000 possible outcomes. The club derives from a variation of faces, bodies and hats, with each “Boodle” randomly generated and unique. Ten percent of all sale proceeds generated will be sent to a community safe, which will be returned to holders in the form of contests and raffles.
6. Axolols NFTs
Axolols are a collection of 8,888 hand-drawn and algorithmically generated axolotl profile pictures on the Ethereum blockchain, living as ERC-721 tokens. Each Axolol is generated from more than 120 individual traits of varying rarities, with rankings to be created after launch. Axolols will be available to mint for 0.03 ETH (plus gas) at up to 20 each time, and will be 3000 x 3000 pixels and stored decentrally in the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). The project intends to use funds generated from the sale of the NFTs to help fund various conservation efforts.
7. Birds ’N’ Blades
Dropping December 8, the Birds ‘N’ Blades NFT project is a collection of unique avian warriors in a style of roleplaying game-esque characters. Developed by Polynode Studios, 3,333 randomly generated pixel NFTs will represent the first stage of Project Aves, with the collection inspired by famous pop-culture characters. After the first stage of the project is completed and every bird is minted, it will move toward phase two with an extended universe collection.
8. Sol Amphibians
Living on the Solana blockchain, Sol Amphibians are a collection of 4,444 unique 3D NFTs handcrafted using AI and algorithmic attributes. Users will enjoy Breeding Functions, which are built in by simply holding any two for a period of four weeks to receive a free baby amphibian delivered to the holder’s Solana wallet. All Amphibians are metaverse-ready.
9. Mr.Uncommon
Mr.Uncommon (who refused to be common) is a collection of 10,000 handcrafted generative art portraits that all live on the Ethereum blockchain, created by industry-leading artists. The aim is to highlight the hidden talents or attributes of individuals to help holders achieve their desired state of life, or at least one matching their aspirations.
Each “Mr.Uncommon” NFT has its own vibrant colour scheme, 277+ traits and many rarities, and is a singular masterpiece that conveys a novel message. The NFTs are available for purchase on the OpenSea marketplace.
10. Everyday Sloths
This groundbreaking collection of 7,777 unique sloths hangs on the Polygon network. Everyday Sloths are the first of their kind, fully customisable and directly interactive within OpenSea. Monthly drops of limited item collections are available with owners allowed to continually customise their sloths beyond minting. Every token sale will include a portion that goes to the Sloth Conservation Foundation.
On purchase, each owner will receive a virtual adoption package including:
a personalised adoption certificate;
full biography and sloth history;
high-resolution photos; and
two original sloth illustrations.
As NFTs and meme avatar projects continue to boom, Crypto News Australia has published guides to help users navigate among them.